The section was established in 1973 by a team of researchers spe­cia­li­sing in ex­pe­ri­men­tal theory and biometrics. Profes­sor Tadeusz Przy­bysz led the sec­tion until 2000, after which Professor Mi­ros­ła­wa We­so­łow­s­ka-­Jan­cza­rek took over. She held the posi­tion until 2011. Dr Izabela Kuna-­Bro­niow­s­ka then took the lead and remained in charge until 2020. On 1 October 2020, the de­part­ment was re­na­med the La­bo­ra­to­ry of Ex­pe­ri­men­tal Theory and Bio­met­ry, with Dr Urszula Bro­no­wic­ka-­Miel­ni­czuk becoming its new head.

The section's scientific research primarily focuses on the theory of experi­men­ta­tion and the ap­pli­ca­tion of mathematical statistics in ag­ri­cul­tu­ral science and enginee­ring. Topics covered include linear models, analysis of variance and covariance in various em­pi­ri­cal set­tings, pa­ra­me­ter estimation techniques and op­timal ex­pe­ri­men­tal de­sign, analysis and efficiency of crop rotation experiments, factorial ex­pe­ri­ments with a con­t­rol object, growth curve models with concomitant variables. The research also co­vers the estimation of va­rian­ce and co­va­rian­ce components in random and mixed mo­dels, as well as as­so­cia­ted sample si­ze issues.